VIM学习笔记

VIM 的最佳使用原则是 执行、重复、回退，在使用 VIM的过程中，要时刻注意有没有应用这个原则了简化编辑工作的机会。

Dot Formula
One Keystroke to move, One Keystroke to Execute
Intent Act Repeat Reverse mode
Make a change {edit} . u  
Scan line for next character f{char}/t{char} ; ,  
Scan line for previous character F{char}/T{char} ; ,  
Scan document for next match /pattern n N  
Scan document for previous match ?pattern n N  
Perform substitution :s/target/replacement & u  
Execute a sequence of changes qx{changes}q @x u  

Modes

Normal mode

撤销命令的粒度由从 normal mode 进入 insert mode，然后在恢复到 Normal mode 决定。期间对文档变更作为一个整体 (chunk) 。

注意：如果在 insert mode 下，使用了上下左右的方向键移动光标位置，将视作退回了 Normal mode ，并使用 h,j,k,l 来移动。

因此，在编辑过程中，应该尽可能按照思维粒度来决定返回 Normal mode 的时机，从而一次思维过程可以作为一个可撤销单元。

Vim’s Operator commands

Trigger Effect
c Change
d Delete
y Yank into register
g~ Swap case
gu Make lowercase
gU Make uppercase
> Shift right
< Shift left
= Autoindent
! Filter {motion} lines through an external program

Vim’s Grammer

Operator + Motion = Action

When an operator is invoked in duplicate, it acts upon the current line.

Insert mode

Keystrokes Effect
<C-h> Delete back one character (backspace)
<C-w> Delete back one word
<C-u> Delete back to start of line
<C-r>{register} Paste text from {register}
<C-r>= Paste return from expression register
<C-v>{123} Insert character by decimal code
<C-v>u{1234} Insert character by hexadecimal code
<C-v>{nondigit} Insert nondigit literally
<C-k>{char1}{char2} Insert character represented by {char1}{char2} digraph
<Esc> Switch to Normal mode
<C-[> Switch to Normal mode
<C-o> Switch to Insert Normal mode1

Visual mode

Command-Line(Ex) Mode

Ex commands Strike Far and Wide

在该模式中可以使用类似于 bash 中的快捷键进行命令的编辑。主要可以使用的命令有：

Keystrokes Effect
C-u 撤销全行内容
C-w 撤销前一个单词
C-a 跳到行首
C-e 跳到行尾
C-r{register} 插入寄存器内容
C-r C-w 插入当前位置单词

Ex Commands

Keystrokes Effect
:[range]delete [x] delete lines into register x
:[range]yank [x] yank specified lines [into register x]
:[line]put [x] put the text from register x after the specified line
:[range]copy {address} copy specified lines to below the line specified by {address}
:[range]move {address} move specified lines to below the line specified by {address}
:[range]join join the specified lines
:[range]normal {commands} execute Normal mode {commands} with {string} on each specified line
:[range]sub/{pattern}/{string}/[flags] replace occurrences of {pattern} with {string} on each specified line
:[range]global/{pattern}/[cmd] execute the Ex command [cmd] on all specified lines where the {pattern} matches

使用 q: 可以进入 Command line window 模式。

Registers

name register
Unnamed Registers ””
Yank Registers “0
Named Registers “a - “z
Black Hole Register “_
Expression register ”=
Search register ”/
System Clipboard ”+

Patterns

Substitution

Global Commands

Tools

ctags

quickfix

At any given moment, there can be only one quickfix list, but we can create as many location lists as we want. Location list is bound to the currently active window, quickfix list is available throughtout Vim.

  • Quickfix List
    :make, :grep, :vimgrep use the quickfix list
  • Location List
    :lmake, :lgrep, :lvimgrep use the location list

grep

autocompletion

  1. 用于在 Insert mode 下临时性地调用一次 Normal mode 命令，然后在返回 Insert mode。 ↩

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