VIM 学习笔记
VIM 的最佳使用原则是 执行、重复、回退 ，在使用 VIM 的过程中，要时刻注意有没有应用这个原则了简化编辑工作的机会。
Dot Formula
One Keystroke to move, One Keystroke to Execute
| Intent | Act | Repeat | Reverse | mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Make a change | {edit} | . | u | |
| Scan line for next character | f{char}/t{char} | ; | , | |
| Scan line for previous character | F{char}/T{char} | ; | , | |
| Scan document for next match | /pattern |
n | N | |
| Scan document for previous match | ?pattern |
n | N | |
| Perform substitution | :s/target/replacement | & | u | |
| Execute a sequence of changes | qx{changes}q | @x | u |
VIM应用技巧
Vim 输入法切换
在插入模式的时候如果使用的是中文输入法，想回到正常模式，这时候按ESC是不管用的，因为键都让输入法捕获了。你必须先手动切换成英文输入法才能正常使用VIM的键盘命令。
加入下面这两行配置，可以让你简单地按ESC就回到正常模式，而不需要手动切换为英文输入法：
au InsertEnter * set noimdisable
au InsertLeave * set imdisable
注意：如果再进入插入模式会自动切换到正常模式之前的输入法。
Modes
Normal mode
撤销命令的粒度由从 normal mode 进入 insert mode，然后在恢复到 Normal mode 决定。期间对文档变更作为一个整体 (chunk) 。
注意：如果在 insert mode 下，使用了上下左右的方向键移动光标位置，将视作退回了 Normal mode ，并使用 h,j,k,l 来移动。
因此，在编辑过程中，应该尽可能按照思维粒度来决定返回 Normal mode 的时机，从而一次思维过程可以作为一个可撤销单元。
Vim’s Operator commands
| Trigger | Effect |
|---|---|
| c | Change |
| d | Delete |
| y | Yank into register |
| g~ | Swap case |
| gu | Make lowercase |
| gU | Make uppercase |
| > | Shift right |
| < | Shift left |
| = | Autoindent |
| ! | Filter {motion} lines through an external program |
Vim’s Grammer
Operator + Motion = Action
When an operator is invoked in duplicate, it acts upon the current line.
Insert mode
| Keystrokes | Effect |
|---|---|
<C-h> |
Delete back one character (backspace) |
<C-w> |
Delete back one word |
<C-u> |
Delete back to start of line |
<C-r>{register} |
Paste text from {register} |
<C-r>= |
Paste return from expression register |
<C-v>{123} |
Insert character by decimal code |
<C-v>u{1234} |
Insert character by hexadecimal code |
<C-v>{nondigit} |
Insert nondigit literally |
<C-k>{char1}{char2} |
Insert character represented by {char1}{char2} digraph |
<Esc> |
Switch to Normal mode |
<C-[> |
Switch to Normal mode |
<C-o> |
Switch to Insert Normal mode1 |
Visual mode
Command-Line(Ex) Mode
Ex commands Strike Far and Wide
在该模式中可以使用类似于 bash 中的快捷键进行命令的编辑。主要可以使用的命令有：
| Keystrokes | Effect |
|---|---|
| C-u | 撤销全行内容 |
| C-w | 撤销前一个单词 |
| C-a | 跳到行首 |
| C-e | 跳到行尾 |
| C-r{register} | 插入寄存器内容 |
| C-r C-w | 插入当前位置单词 |
Ex Commands
| Keystrokes | Effect |
|---|---|
| :[range]delete [x] | delete lines into register x |
| :[range]yank [x] | yank specified lines [into register x] |
| :[line]put [x] | put the text from register x after the specified line |
| :[range]copy {address} | copy specified lines to below the line specified by {address} |
| :[range]move {address} | move specified lines to below the line specified by {address} |
| :[range]join | join the specified lines |
| :[range]normal {commands} | execute Normal mode {commands} with {string} on each specified line |
| :[range]substitute/{pattern}/{string}/[flags] | replace occurrences of {pattern} with {string} on each specified line |
| :[range]global/{pattern}/[cmd] | execute the Ex command [cmd] on all specified lines where the {pattern} matches |
使用 q: 可以进入 Command line window 模式。
Registers
| name | register |
|---|---|
| Unnamed Registers | ”” |
| Yank Registers | “0 |
| Named Registers | “a - “z |
| Black Hole Register | “_ |
| Expression register | ”= |
| Search register | ”/ |
| System Clipboard | ”+ |
Patterns
Substitution
Global Commands
Tools
ctags
quickfix
At any given moment, there can be only one quickfix list, but we can create as many location lists as we want. Location list is bound to the currently active window, quickfix list is available throughtout Vim.
-
- Quickfix List
- :make, :grep, :vimgrep use the quickfix list
-
- Location List
- :lmake, :lgrep, :lvimgrep use the location list
grep
autocompletion
-
用于在
Insert mode下临时性地调用一次Normal mode命令，然后在返回Insert mode。 ↩